Chemical Composition: Complex silicates of aluminum borosilicates with iron, magnesium and alkalis (Na,Li,Ca)(Mn,Mg,Fe,Al,Ti,Cr)9((OH,F)4/(BO)3/Si6O18 ).
Hardness: Between7 and 7.5.
Crystal System: Rhombohedral
Deposits: Afghanistan, Angola, Australia, Burma, Brazil, United States, India, Madagascar, Mozambique, Rhodesia, Russia, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand.